Answer:
1 . Federal courts hear criminal, civil, and bankruptcy cases. And once a case is decided, it can often be appealed.
2 . In the federal court system, under rule 23 of the rules of Federal Criminal Procedure, if a defendant is entitled to a jury trial, the trial must be by jury unless (1) the defendant waives a jury trial in writing, (2) the government consents, and (3) the court approves.
