The dissolution of a high-profile marriage typically includes complicated monetary and authorized negotiations, culminating in a proper settlement. This legally binding doc outlines the division of property, spousal assist preparations, and baby custody determinations, if relevant. Such preparations are typically confidential, however particulars might develop into public report by courtroom filings or different means.
Understanding the particulars of such agreements is critical as a result of they illustrate the applying of household legislation ideas in real-world conditions. They’ll provide insights into how wealth is distributed after a wedding ends, the elements courts think about when figuring out assist obligations, and the methods employed by authorized professionals to guard their purchasers’ pursuits. Public curiosity typically surrounds movie star circumstances, given their potential to influence broader societal perceptions of marriage and divorce.
The next evaluation will discover numerous elements of such authorized processes and associated monetary outcomes, offering a broader understanding of the implications surrounding the tip of a wedding. The next sections will handle pertinent authorized and monetary concerns, with out particular reference to the aforementioned case.
1. Property Division
Property division constitutes a central facet of any marital dissolution, significantly when important property have been collected in the course of the marriage. Its relevance to the dissolution settlement facilities on the honest and equitable distribution of those property in accordance with relevant legal guidelines and pre-nuptial agreements, if any.
-
Characterization of Property
The preliminary step includes categorizing property as both group property (acquired in the course of the marriage) or separate property (owned previous to the wedding or acquired as a present or inheritance in the course of the marriage). This distinction dictates how the property will likely be divided. For example, earnings in the course of the marriage are typically thought-about group property, whereas an inheritance acquired solely by one social gathering could be thought-about separate property.
-
Valuation of Property
Figuring out the present market worth of property, particularly complicated holdings corresponding to companies, investments, and actual property, is essential. This course of typically requires skilled value determinations and monetary evaluation. Overlooking the correct valuation of an asset can considerably influence the general equity of the property division. A discrepancy in valuation can result in extended litigation.
-
Distribution Strategies
As soon as property are characterised and valued, they should be divided. Relying on the jurisdiction, property could also be divided equally (group property states) or equitably (pretty, however not essentially equally, taking into consideration numerous elements). Widespread strategies embrace assigning particular property to every social gathering, promoting property and dividing the proceeds, or offsetting the worth of property by different means, like spousal assist.
-
Influence of Premarital Agreements
A premarital settlement (or prenuptial settlement) can considerably affect property division. Such agreements usually define how property will likely be divided within the occasion of a divorce, probably overriding default state legal guidelines. The validity and enforceability of a premarital settlement will be contested, requiring authorized interpretation and probably affecting the ultimate distribution of property.
These aspects of property division spotlight the complexities concerned in marital dissolutions. Understanding these elements is vital to deciphering the outcomes and guaranteeing equity within the distribution of marital property, whilst particulars of a selected high-profile settlement stay confidential. The specifics depend upon numerous elements, together with state legal guidelines, the character of the property, and any agreements established previous to or in the course of the marriage.
2. Monetary Property
The analysis and division of economic property are vital elements within the dissolution of a high-net-worth marriage. Within the context of a possible settlement settlement, understanding the character, extent, and valuation of those property is paramount to attaining an equitable consequence.
-
Identification and Disclosure
A elementary step includes figuring out and totally disclosing all monetary property held by each events. This encompasses a broad vary of holdings together with financial institution accounts, funding portfolios (shares, bonds, mutual funds), retirement accounts (401(ok)s, IRAs), enterprise pursuits, and some other property with financial worth. Correct and clear disclosure is important; any try to hide property can have important authorized ramifications. For example, failure to reveal a considerable funding account may end in court-ordered penalties and a revised settlement settlement.
-
Valuation of Advanced Property
Many monetary property, significantly these past easy financial institution accounts, require skilled valuation. Enterprise pursuits, for instance, typically necessitate forensic accounting and enterprise valuation specialists to find out honest market worth. Inventory choices, restricted inventory models, and different types of fairness compensation additionally require subtle valuation methods. The valuation date can be vital, as market fluctuations can considerably influence the worth of those property between the date of separation and the ultimate settlement. An inaccurate or outdated valuation can considerably alter the distribution of property.
-
Tax Implications of Division
The division of economic property typically carries important tax penalties. For example, transferring property from a taxable brokerage account to a partner might set off capital good points taxes. Equally, withdrawing funds from a retirement account earlier than retirement age usually incurs penalties and revenue taxes. Understanding these tax implications is essential for each events to make knowledgeable selections about how property are divided. A professional monetary advisor or tax skilled can present steering on minimizing tax liabilities and optimizing the long-term monetary consequence.
-
Spousal Help Issues
The presence and extent of economic property can considerably affect spousal assist determinations. If one social gathering possesses substantial liquid property and income-generating investments, it could cut back or remove the necessity for spousal assist. Conversely, if one social gathering relinquished profession alternatives to assist the household and lacks unbiased monetary assets, the courtroom might award spousal assist to allow them to develop into self-sufficient. The division of economic property and spousal assist are sometimes intertwined, requiring a holistic strategy to make sure a good and equitable consequence.
These aspects of economic asset analysis and division underscore the complexities concerned in marital dissolutions, particularly these involving high-profile people with substantial holdings. The necessity for transparency, skilled valuation, and cautious consideration of tax implications are paramount to attaining a settlement that’s each legally sound and financially prudent.
3. Spousal Help
Spousal assist, additionally known as alimony or upkeep, represents a monetary provision ordered by a courtroom in a divorce continuing, designed to help one partner who could also be financially deprived following the dissolution of the wedding. Its relevance to any divorce settlement, together with one involving a high-profile particular person, stems from the precept of addressing financial imbalances created in the course of the marriage. For instance, if one partner sacrificed profession alternatives to assist the household, spousal assist could also be awarded to offer monetary help throughout their transition to self-sufficiency. The quantity and period of spousal assist are influenced by a number of elements together with the size of the wedding, the incomes capability of every partner, and the usual of dwelling established in the course of the marriage. In high-asset divorces, these calculations develop into significantly complicated as a result of potential for substantial revenue disparities and the necessity to precisely assess future incomes potential. Public scrutiny typically accompanies high-profile divorce circumstances, resulting in heightened curiosity within the spousal assist preparations and their perceived equity.
The dedication of spousal assist necessitates a radical analysis of every partner’s monetary circumstances, encompassing revenue, property, money owed, and bills. Courts usually think about the contributions of every partner to the wedding, each monetary and non-financial, corresponding to homemaking and childcare. Moreover, the authorized framework governing spousal assist varies considerably by jurisdiction, starting from formulation that present particular calculations to extra discretionary approaches that weigh a number of elements. A possible settlement settlement may contain a lump-sum cost of spousal assist, periodic funds over an outlined interval, or a mix of each. Actual-world examples of such settlements exhibit the negotiation and litigation methods employed by authorized counsel to advocate for his or her purchasers’ pursuits. For example, one partner might argue for a better assist quantity primarily based on their contributions to the opposite partner’s profession success, whereas the opposite might search to restrict their obligations primarily based on prenuptial agreements or demonstrable efforts towards the opposite partner’s self-sufficiency.
Understanding the interaction between spousal assist and a divorce settlement highlights the complexities of economic disentanglement in marital dissolutions. The method requires meticulous monetary evaluation, authorized experience, and sometimes, expert negotiation to achieve a decision that’s perceived as equitable by each events and compliant with relevant legal guidelines. Challenges typically come up from the subjective nature of figuring out wants and the potential for conflicting interpretations of economic knowledge. In the end, the spousal assist element displays a authorized and societal recognition of the financial penalties that may outcome from the termination of a marital partnership.
4. Youngster Custody
Youngster custody preparations symbolize a vital element of any divorce settlement involving minor youngsters. Their presence inextricably hyperlinks to the general settlement, dictating the authorized rights and obligations of every dad or mum regarding the care, management, and upbringing of their offspring. In high-profile dissolutions, the specifics of kid custody typically garner important public consideration, probably influencing perceptions of the settlement’s equity and the events’ prioritization of their youngsters’s welfare. The preparations embody each bodily custody, which determines the place the kid resides, and authorized custody, which governs decision-making authority concerning the kid’s well being, schooling, and basic well-being.
The dedication of kid custody preparations usually prioritizes the perfect pursuits of the kid, an ordinary authorized precept utilized throughout jurisdictions. This normal includes contemplating numerous elements, together with the kid’s needs (if of enough maturity), the dad and mom’ skill to offer a steady and nurturing setting, and the kid’s relationship with every dad or mum. Settlement negotiations incessantly handle the specifics of parenting schedules, vacation preparations, and communication protocols to make sure each dad and mom keep significant involvement within the kid’s life. Moreover, baby assist obligations are sometimes immediately tied to the custody association, with the non-custodial dad or mum usually offering monetary assist to the custodial dad or mum.
The interaction between baby custody and divorce settlements underscores the complicated authorized and emotional concerns inherent in dissolving a wedding with youngsters. Whereas the monetary elements of a settlement might obtain appreciable consideration, the kid custody provisions are arguably essentially the most vital, as they form the longer term relationship between the dad and mom and their youngsters. Understanding this connection is important for all events concerned to navigate the method successfully and prioritize the kid’s well-being all through the dissolution and past. The sensible significance lies in establishing a steady and predictable framework for co-parenting, minimizing battle, and fostering a supportive setting for the kid’s improvement.
5. Authorized Illustration
Authorized illustration constitutes an indispensable ingredient in any divorce continuing, significantly these involving high-profile people and substantial property. Its significance within the context of a possible dissolution settlement resides within the complicated authorized and monetary ramifications that necessitate skilled steering and advocacy.
-
Navigating Advanced Authorized Frameworks
Divorce proceedings are ruled by a posh net of state legal guidelines and precedents. Skilled attorneys possess in-depth data of those authorized frameworks, guaranteeing that each one elements of the dissolution are dealt with in accordance with relevant rules. This consists of understanding property division legal guidelines, spousal assist tips, and baby custody statutes. For instance, an legal professional can precisely decide whether or not a state adheres to group property ideas or equitable distribution requirements, considerably impacting the division of property. Misinterpretation of those authorized nuances can result in unfavorable outcomes.
-
Defending Monetary Pursuits
Attorneys play a vital position in safeguarding their purchasers’ monetary pursuits. This includes meticulously evaluating property, figuring out hidden wealth, and negotiating favorable settlements. In high-asset divorces, this may increasingly require participating forensic accountants and different monetary consultants to precisely assess the worth of complicated holdings corresponding to enterprise pursuits, inventory choices, and actual property portfolios. Authorized illustration ensures that each one monetary elements of the settlement are totally scrutinized and that the consumer receives a good and equitable distribution of marital property. An legal professional will advocate for his or her consumer’s proper to retain property acquired previous to the wedding, or to obtain applicable compensation for contributions made in the course of the marriage.
-
Advocating for Youngster Custody and Help
When youngsters are concerned, authorized illustration is important in defending the consumer’s parental rights and guaranteeing the kid’s greatest pursuits are prioritized. Attorneys advocate for custody preparations that promote the kid’s well-being, contemplating elements such because the kid’s relationship with every dad or mum, their academic wants, and their total stability. Moreover, attorneys help in figuring out applicable baby assist obligations primarily based on state tips and the dad and mom’ respective incomes. For instance, a talented legal professional can current proof demonstrating a dad or mum’s skill to offer a steady and nurturing setting, thereby strengthening their case for custody. Additionally they be certain that baby assist calculations are correct and replicate the kid’s precise wants.
-
Negotiation and Litigation Methods
Authorized illustration encompasses expert negotiation and, if mandatory, aggressive litigation. Attorneys negotiate with opposing counsel to achieve a settlement that’s favorable to their consumer, using their data of the legislation and their understanding of the details of the case. If a settlement can’t be reached by negotiation, attorneys will put together the case for trial, presenting proof and arguments to the courtroom. An legal professional can make use of numerous methods throughout negotiation, corresponding to providing different dispute decision strategies like mediation or arbitration, to keep away from the prices and emotional stress of a trial. Their skill to successfully advocate for his or her consumer, whether or not by negotiation or litigation, is essential in attaining a constructive consequence.
Within the context of a high-profile dissolution settlement, the need for competent authorized illustration turns into much more pronounced. The stakes are sometimes larger, the property extra complicated, and the general public scrutiny extra intense. Efficient authorized illustration is the cornerstone of safeguarding rights, defending monetary pursuits, and guaranteeing a simply and equitable decision.
6. Negotiation Course of
The negotiation course of is central to reaching a dissolution settlement. Its significance throughout the context of a high-profile dissolution stems from the necessity to reconcile competing pursuits, navigate complicated monetary landscapes, and arrive at a mutually acceptable decision with out protracted and public litigation.
-
Preliminary Data Alternate and Discovery
The negotiation course of usually commences with the alternate of data and formal discovery. Every social gathering supplies documentation pertaining to property, revenue, and liabilities. This section establishes a basis of transparency, though the completeness and accuracy of disclosed data can considerably influence subsequent negotiations. In complicated circumstances, forensic accounting could also be employed to confirm monetary disclosures. A failure to totally disclose property, for instance, can result in renegotiation or authorized sanctions.
-
Improvement of Negotiating Positions
Following the preliminary alternate, every social gathering, guided by their authorized counsel, formulates a negotiating place. This place outlines their desired outcomes concerning property division, spousal assist, baby custody (if relevant), and different pertinent issues. These positions are sometimes strategically crafted, taking into consideration authorized precedent, potential litigation dangers, and the consumer’s particular priorities. Discrepancies between preliminary positions typically necessitate compromise and concession.
-
Mediation and Various Dispute Decision
Mediation is a incessantly utilized mechanism throughout the negotiation course of. A impartial third social gathering facilitates communication and assists the events in reaching a mutually acceptable settlement. Mediation gives a much less adversarial and cheaper different to litigation. Different types of different dispute decision, corresponding to arbitration, can also be employed. The success of mediation hinges on the willingness of each events to compromise and interact in good-faith negotiations. Nonetheless, if both social gathering is unwilling to barter fairly, mediation might show unsuccessful, necessitating litigation.
-
Settlement Settlement Drafting and Finalization
If a negotiated settlement is reached, the phrases are formalized in a legally binding settlement. This settlement meticulously particulars all elements of the decision, together with property division, spousal assist, baby custody, and some other related stipulations. The drafting course of requires precision to make sure readability and enforceability. As soon as executed by each events and authorized by the courtroom, the settlement settlement turns into a last order, legally binding the events to its phrases. Failure to adjust to the phrases of the settlement can lead to authorized sanctions.
These aspects of the negotiation course of illustrate the complexities concerned in reaching a dissolution settlement. Whereas the specifics of any specific settlement stay confidential, understanding the underlying negotiation dynamics supplies perception into the authorized methods and concerns that form the ultimate consequence. The target is to realize a decision that’s each legally sound and equitable, minimizing the potential for future disputes and permitting each events to maneuver ahead.
7. Confidentiality Clauses
Confidentiality clauses are a typical ingredient in dissolution agreements, serving to guard the privateness of each events concerned. Within the context of high-profile circumstances, corresponding to that of Damian Lillard, these clauses assume heightened significance as a result of potential for intense public scrutiny and the will to protect delicate private and monetary particulars from media consideration.
-
Objective and Scope
The first objective of a confidentiality clause is to limit the dissemination of data associated to the divorce proceedings and the phrases of the settlement. The scope of those clauses can differ, starting from particular monetary particulars to broader restrictions on discussing the wedding and its dissolution. For instance, a clause may prohibit the events from disclosing the quantity of spousal assist or the specifics of asset division. The breadth of the clause is usually negotiated, reflecting the events’ respective issues about privateness and the potential for public disclosure to wreck their reputations or careers. A slender clause might solely limit the sharing of economic data, whereas a broader clause may forestall both social gathering from making disparaging remarks in regards to the different.
-
Enforcement and Cures
Confidentiality clauses are legally binding provisions, and violations can lead to important penalties. Enforcement mechanisms usually embrace monetary sanctions, corresponding to fines or damages, and authorized cures like injunctions to forestall additional disclosures. In some circumstances, violations may result in the modification of different settlement phrases. For instance, if one social gathering breaches the confidentiality clause by revealing delicate monetary data, the opposite social gathering may search a courtroom order to scale back spousal assist funds or to acquire extra property. The precise cures out there depend upon the wording of the clause and the legal guidelines of the related jurisdiction.
-
Exceptions and Limitations
Confidentiality clauses should not absolute and sometimes embrace exceptions for sure disclosures. Widespread exceptions embrace disclosures required by legislation, corresponding to these mandatory for tax functions or to adjust to courtroom orders. Moreover, disclosures to authorized counsel, monetary advisors, or therapists are usually permitted. The presence of exceptions and limitations acknowledges the sensible realities of managing monetary and private affairs whereas sustaining a level of privateness. A rigorously drafted clause will delineate these exceptions clearly to keep away from ambiguity and potential disputes over interpretation.
-
Influence on Public Notion
The inclusion of confidentiality clauses can affect public notion of a divorce settlement, significantly in high-profile circumstances. Whereas the clauses purpose to guard privateness, their presence may gas hypothesis in regards to the phrases of the settlement. The general public might understand an absence of transparency as an try to hide unfavorable particulars or to guard one social gathering’s popularity. Media shops and commentators typically speculate in regards to the causes for confidentiality, resulting in potential misinformation and conjecture. Subsequently, whereas confidentiality clauses provide authorized safety, they’ll additionally current public relations challenges.
These aspects of confidentiality clauses spotlight their complicated position in dissolution agreements. Whereas designed to safeguard privateness and stop public disclosure, they’re topic to authorized limitations and may affect public perceptions. In circumstances involving figures like Damian Lillard, the strategic use and interpretation of those clauses develop into significantly salient in managing each the authorized and public relations elements of the dissolution.
8. Public Scrutiny
Public scrutiny, an inherent facet of movie star life, considerably impacts high-profile authorized issues such because the dissolution of marriage. The extreme media and public curiosity surrounding these circumstances typically complicates the negotiation and settlement processes.
-
Media Protection and Hypothesis
The media actively seeks particulars concerning divorce proceedings involving well-known figures. This pursuit typically results in hypothesis in regards to the causes for the dissolution, the division of property, and baby custody preparations. Such hypothesis, even when unfounded, can affect public opinion and probably have an effect on the concerned events’ reputations and future alternatives. For example, unsubstantiated rumors about monetary misconduct or infidelity can generate unfavorable publicity, impacting endorsement offers and public picture. The strain to handle this narrative provides complexity to the authorized proceedings.
-
Influence on Authorized Technique
Consciousness of public scrutiny can immediately affect authorized technique. Attorneys might prioritize confidentiality and discretion to attenuate media consideration and shield their purchasers from unfavorable publicity. This may contain aggressive use of confidentiality clauses or a choice for different dispute decision strategies, corresponding to mediation, over public courtroom battles. The necessity to handle the general public narrative may have an effect on negotiation ways, as events could also be keen to make concessions to keep away from protracted and public litigation. In some cases, makes an attempt to manage data stream can backfire, resulting in accusations of secrecy or a notion of unfairness.
-
Social Media Affect
Social media platforms amplify public scrutiny, offering a direct channel for people to precise opinions and share data, no matter its accuracy. This may create a difficult setting for the people concerned, as they’re subjected to intense on-line commentary and judgment. The unfold of misinformation on social media can rapidly escalate, probably damaging reputations and affecting private well-being. Managing the web narrative turns into a vital process, requiring proactive communication methods and the flexibility to handle false or deceptive claims.
-
Privateness Issues and Moral Issues
The extreme public curiosity in high-profile divorces raises important privateness issues. Whereas the authorized system goals to steadiness transparency with particular person rights, the road can develop into blurred when celebrities and their households are concerned. Moral concerns come up for media shops and people who disseminate non-public data with out regard for the potential hurt. Placing a steadiness between the general public’s proper to know and the person’s proper to privateness presents a persistent problem in these conditions, particularly when youngsters are concerned.
These aspects exhibit how public scrutiny creates a novel set of challenges in dissolution. The necessity to handle media consideration, shield reputations, and safeguard privateness provides layers of complexity to the authorized course of. Understanding these dynamics is important for navigating the intricacies of high-profile divorce and attaining an consequence that minimizes long-term unfavorable penalties. Moreover, It underscores the significance of expert authorized counsel and strategic communication methods in mitigating the adversarial results of public curiosity.
Often Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning dissolution agreements, significantly these involving people of public curiosity. The data offered is for informational functions solely and doesn’t represent authorized recommendation.
Query 1: What elements usually affect the division of property in a high-profile divorce settlement?
A number of elements decide the division of property, together with the size of the wedding, every social gathering’s contributions (each monetary and non-financial), relevant state legal guidelines concerning group property or equitable distribution, and the existence of prenuptial or postnuptial agreements.
Query 2: How are confidentiality clauses enforced in divorce settlements?
Confidentiality clauses are legally binding. Enforcement might contain monetary penalties, corresponding to fines or damages, and injunctive reduction to forestall additional disclosures. The precise cures depend upon the clause’s language and the jurisdiction’s legal guidelines.
Query 3: What’s the position of mediation in reaching a divorce settlement?
Mediation includes a impartial third social gathering facilitating communication and aiding the events in reaching a mutually agreeable decision. It gives a much less adversarial and probably cheaper different to litigation.
Query 4: How does public scrutiny have an effect on the negotiation of a divorce settlement involving a celeb?
Public scrutiny can considerably complicate negotiations. It might lead events to prioritize confidentiality, probably influencing their authorized methods and willingness to compromise to attenuate unfavorable publicity.
Query 5: What concerns are concerned in figuring out spousal assist (alimony) in a divorce settlement?
Spousal assist determinations usually think about elements such because the size of the wedding, every social gathering’s incomes capability, the usual of dwelling established in the course of the marriage, and the contributions of every partner to the wedding. State legal guidelines present tips for these calculations.
Query 6: How are baby custody preparations decided in a divorce settlement, and what’s the overriding precept?
Youngster custody preparations prioritize the perfect pursuits of the kid. Elements thought-about embrace the kid’s needs (if mature sufficient to precise them), every dad or mum’s skill to offer a steady and nurturing setting, and the kid’s relationship with every dad or mum. These preparations embody each bodily and authorized custody.
Understanding these elementary elements supplies precious perception into the complexities surrounding marital dissolutions, particularly these involving people topic to public consideration. Authorized counsel is important for navigating the intricacies of those proceedings.
The subsequent part will summarize key takeaways from this exploration.
Authorized and Monetary Issues in Excessive-Profile Dissolutions
The dissolution of a high-profile marriage necessitates cautious consideration of varied authorized and monetary elements. The next factors present steering for navigating such complicated conditions.
Tip 1: Safe Skilled Authorized Illustration: Participating a seasoned household legislation legal professional with expertise in high-net-worth divorces is paramount. Such counsel possesses the requisite experience to navigate complicated authorized frameworks and shield monetary pursuits.
Tip 2: Prioritize Monetary Transparency: Full and trustworthy disclosure of all property, revenue, and liabilities is essential. Concealing property can result in extreme authorized penalties. Forensic accounting could also be essential to confirm monetary data.
Tip 3: Perceive Property Division Legal guidelines: Familiarize your self with relevant state legal guidelines concerning group property or equitable distribution. This information is important for guaranteeing a good division of marital property.
Tip 4: Tackle Spousal Help Strategically: Spousal assist determinations are influenced by quite a few elements, together with the size of the wedding and incomes capability. Develop a strategic strategy to handle potential spousal assist obligations or entitlements.
Tip 5: Defend Parental Rights: If youngsters are concerned, prioritize their greatest pursuits when negotiating custody preparations. Search authorized steering to guard parental rights and guarantee a steady setting for the kids.
Tip 6: Make the most of Mediation Successfully: Mediation gives a much less adversarial different to litigation. Method mediation with a willingness to compromise and interact in good-faith negotiations.
Tip 7: Negotiate Confidentiality Agreements: Take into account the inclusion of confidentiality clauses to guard privateness and protect delicate data from public disclosure. Perceive the scope, enforcement, and limitations of such clauses.
Sound authorized and monetary planning is important for navigating the dissolution course of successfully. Proactive measures can mitigate dangers and guarantee a extra favorable consequence.
The next conclusion summarizes the important thing insights derived from this dialogue.
Conclusion
The examination of agreements demonstrates the intricate interaction of authorized, monetary, and private elements concerned in dissolving a wedding, significantly when high-profile people are involved. Points corresponding to property division, asset valuation, spousal assist, baby custody, and the enforcement of confidentiality clauses all contribute to the complexity of those authorized proceedings. Public scrutiny additional intensifies the challenges, requiring strategic authorized administration to guard privateness and reputations.
Understanding the intricacies of agreements is essential for each authorized professionals and the general public, selling a extra knowledgeable perspective on household legislation and its implications. The emphasis on transparency, moral conduct, and the safety of particular person rights stays paramount, serving as a reminder of the numerous authorized and private penalties related to marital dissolution.
